Diagram 1
Waterfall model
PAPER 1 - SOFTWARE AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT• SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
Development Methodologies
- The software development lifecycle is the set of stages used to build a software solution.
- A methodology is the way developers move through those stages, including feedback and iteration.
- Key approaches include waterfall, spiral, rapid application development, agile methodologies and extreme programming.
Visual channel
SDLC
Structured stages
Fast iteration
Waterfall
Spiral
RAD
Agile
Extreme
Time
Dual coding
Verbal channel
- Waterfall is linear, but developers may still return to earlier phases to rework them.
- Spiral keeps the staged structure but treats risk as the main driver of each loop. Each spiral cycle follows a mini-waterfall sequence, progressing through stages in order.
- RAD uses prototypes, evaluation and feedback to speed up development.
- Agile methodologies use short iterations so changing requirements can be built into each new version.
- Extreme programming uses very short iterations, embedded users and paired programming.
Activity 1
Methodology concept map
Drag the methodology labels onto the canvas, arrange them into sensible waterfall and RAD diagrams, then click placed items to connect them with arrows.
Waterfall
Rapid Application Development
Activity 2
Explain What Each Diagram Shows
- Study each diagram and explain what it shows about the methodology.
- Describe how the stages are organised.
- Explain how the arrows show movement through the process.
- Comment on what the diagram suggests about feedback, iteration or returning to earlier stages.
- Write full explanations for the waterfall, RAD and spiral models.
Diagram 2
RAD model
Diagram 3
Spiral model
Activity 3
Agile and extreme programming sorter
Drag each statement into Agile methodologies, Extreme programming or Both.
Group 1
Agile methodologies
Group 2
Extreme programming
Group 3
Both
Activity 4
Methodology evolution line-up
Put the methodologies in historical order to show how later approaches developed from earlier ones, then use the arrow buttons to move each card earlier or later in the sequence and choose the best signature feature for each one.